[
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Frontier Red Team",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2026-03",
    "note": "CBRN/cyber/autonomy capability evals; consolidated into the Anthropic Institute",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-institute"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Societal Impacts",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2026-03",
    "note": "real-world AI usage research; consolidated into the Anthropic Institute",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-institute"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Economic Research",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2026-03",
    "note": "AI-and-economy tracking; consolidated into the Anthropic Institute",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-institute"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "The Anthropic Institute",
    "born": "2026-03",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "consolidation of the three units above, under co-founder Jack Clark as Head of Public Benefit",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/news/the-anthropic-institute"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Alignment",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "steering and controlling powerful AI systems; scalable oversight, stress-testing",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/team/alignment"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Alignment Stress-Testing",
    "born": "2024-01",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "red-teams Anthropic's own alignment techniques and the RSP process itself, led by Evan Hubinger",
    "url": "https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/EPDSdXr8YbsDkgsDG/introducing-alignment-stress-testing-at-anthropic"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Interpretability",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "how large language models work internally",
    "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/team/interpretability"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Anthropic",
    "unit": "Model Welfare",
    "born": "2025-04",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "whether and when model welfare deserves moral consideration; program lead Kyle Fish",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/24/anthropic-is-launching-a-new-program-to-study-ai-model-welfare/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Superalignment",
    "born": "2023-07",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2024-05",
    "note": "pledged 20% of then-secured compute; dissolved when both co-leads departed",
    "url": "https://www.popsci.com/technology/openai-dissolved-its-team-dedicated-to-preventing-rogue-ai/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Preparedness",
    "born": "2023-10",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2026-07",
    "note": "catastrophic-risk tracking; responsibilities redistributed across teams (FT reporting; OpenAI disputes the word 'disbanded')",
    "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/openai-preparedness-team-disbanded-ipo-streamlining"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "AGI Readiness",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2024-10",
    "note": "readiness advisory; disbanded when senior advisor Miles Brundage left",
    "url": "https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/omzGEWqQJv6uP7D6k/miles-brundage-resigned-from-openai-and-his-agi-readiness"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Mission Alignment",
    "born": "2024",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2026-02",
    "note": "promoted the ensure-AGI-benefits-humanity mission; seven-person team disbanded",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/11/openai-disbands-mission-alignment-team-which-focused-on-safe-and-trustworthy-ai-development/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Model Behavior",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2025-09",
    "note": "personality/sycophancy/bias shaping; merged into Post Training",
    "url": "https://theaiinsider.tech/2025/09/09/openai-restructures-model-behavior-team-as-joanne-jang-launches-oai-labs/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Collective Alignment",
    "born": "2024-01",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "public input on model behavior, out of the Democratic Inputs to AI program",
    "url": "https://the-decoder.com/openais-collective-alignment-team-aims-to-make-ai-more-democratic/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "OpenAI",
    "unit": "Safety Advisory Group",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "reviews Capabilities/Safeguards Reports under the Preparedness Framework; leadership decides",
    "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/18a02b5d-6b67-4cec-ab64-68cdfbddebcd/preparedness-framework-v2.pdf"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "Google Brain",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2023-04",
    "note": "merged with DeepMind to form Google DeepMind",
    "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/announcing-google-deepmind/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "DeepMind Health",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "absorbed",
    "fate_date": "2019-09",
    "note": "transferred into Google Health",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2019/09/19/google-completes-controversial-takeover-of-deepmind-health/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "DeepMind Health Independent Review Panel",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2019",
    "note": "external oversight panel disbanded when Google absorbed DeepMind Health",
    "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2019-04-15-google-deepmind-health-ai-review-board.html"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "AlphaFold team",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2026-07",
    "note": "the Nobel-recognized protein-structure team, members reassigned to Gemini or Isomorphic Labs",
    "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2225849/google-shuts-down-alphafold/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "AI Safety and Alignment organization",
    "born": "2024-02",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "consolidated safety org for present-day harms and frontier risks",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/02/21/google-deepmind-forms-a-new-org-focused-on-ai-safety/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "AGI Safety & Alignment team",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "alignment and frontier-risk research inside the safety org",
    "url": "https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/79BPxvSsjzBkiSyTq/agi-safety-and-alignment-at-google-deepmind-a-summary-of"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "Gemini Safety",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "safety training for current Gemini models",
    "url": "https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/79BPxvSsjzBkiSyTq/agi-safety-and-alignment-at-google-deepmind-a-summary-of"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Google DeepMind",
    "unit": "Voices of All in Alignment",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "alignment for value and viewpoint pluralism",
    "url": "https://www.alignmentforum.org/posts/79BPxvSsjzBkiSyTq/agi-safety-and-alignment-at-google-deepmind-a-summary-of"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "Responsible AI team",
    "born": "2019",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2023-11",
    "note": "interdisciplinary responsible-AI group broken up, most members moved to generative AI product",
    "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/18/facebook-parent-meta-breaks-up-its-responsible-ai-team.html"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "FAIR",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "founding research lab (director Yann LeCun until 2025); one of four MSL groups after the Aug 2025 reorg",
    "url": "https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/meta-superintelligence-reorg"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "Meta Superintelligence Labs",
    "born": "2025-06",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "announced in a Zuckerberg memo, led by Chief AI Officer Alexandr Wang (ex-Scale AI CEO)",
    "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2025/06/30/mark-zuckerberg-creating-meta-superintelligence-labs-read-the-memo.html"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "TBD Lab",
    "born": "2025-08",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "MSL frontier foundation-model group, one of the four subgroups of the Aug 2025 reorg",
    "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta_Superintelligence_Labs"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "Products and Applied Research",
    "born": "2025-08",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "MSL group headed by former GitHub CEO Nat Friedman",
    "url": "https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/meta-superintelligence-reorg"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "MSL Infra",
    "born": "2025-08",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "GPU/data-center infrastructure group from the four-way reorg",
    "url": "https://builtin.com/artificial-intelligence/meta-superintelligence-reorg"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "ESM protein language-model team",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2023",
    "note": "the ESMFold unit inside FAIR; its founding staff of eight left together",
    "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/kenrickcai/2023/08/25/evolutionaryscale-ai-biotech-startup-meta-researchers-funding/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "Meta AI",
    "unit": "MSL alignment (director-of-alignment role)",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "safety-focused role inside MSL identified in press reporting",
    "url": "https://sfstandard.com/2026/02/25/openclaw-goes-rogue/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "xAI",
    "unit": "Human Data (AI tutors)",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "~1,500-worker annotation team; ~500 general tutors laid off by email 2025-09",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/09/13/xai-reportedly-lays-off-500-workers-from-data-annotation-team"
  },
  {
    "lab": "xAI",
    "unit": "Project Rabbit",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2025",
    "note": "internal initiative reviewing sexually explicit Grok audio for avatar training; reported ended",
    "url": "https://www.aol.com/news/behind-groks-sexy-settings-workers-132252031.html"
  },
  {
    "lab": "xAI",
    "unit": "Macrohard",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "active",
    "fate_date": "",
    "note": "AI software-company project inside xAI with its own founding team",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/13/elon-musk-suggests-spate-of-xai-exits-have-been-push-not-pull/"
  },
  {
    "lab": "xAI",
    "unit": "Research/safety oversight under co-founder Jimmy Ba",
    "born": "",
    "fate": "dissolved",
    "fate_date": "2026-02",
    "note": "the reported research/safety lead departed 2026-02-10 in a reorganization",
    "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/02/13/elon-musk-suggests-spate-of-xai-exits-have-been-push-not-pull/"
  }
]